Fishing alters pearly razorfish at molecular level

Heavy fishing of pearly razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula) in Spain's Balearic Islands is linked to molecular changes via DNA methylation, an epigenetic process affecting gene function.

The fish are born female and some naturally transition to male; dominant males defend territories with females, reducing early sex changes.

Marine reserves help preserve larger, older fish and maintain higher genetic diversity, contrasting with fished areas.