Iran wants to charge for Hormuz, Houthis for the Red Sea: How straits around the world are governed

Iran has threatened to charge ships for navigation, security, and environmental services in the Strait of Hormuz, prompting Oman to propose a plan for voluntary fees, but the US opposes any tolls.

The Houthis, backed by Iran, are considering a toll schedule for ships using the Bab al-Mandab strait at the mouth of the Red Sea.

The dispute over maritime chokepoints dates back to the 1493 papal bull inter caetera, which divided the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal.

The Strait of Hormuz is bordered by Iran and Oman, and is a critical passage for Gulf trade, with much of the region reliant on it.

Modern international rules govern straits, but the current tensions highlight the ongoing challenges in managing these critical waterways.