Beyond Hormuz: Gulf is spending billions to find new routes to global markets

Gulf nations are building a network of pipelines to bypass the Strait of Hormuz and protect oil exports from disruptions.

At least seven major pipeline projects are under construction, being planned or under discussion, including in UAE and Iraq.

Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline, built in the 1980s, and UAE's Fujairah terminal are operating near full capacity after spare capacity was absorbed.

Iran-backed Houthi rebels have declared a blockade on Saudi-linked vessels in the Red Sea, showing alternative routes face risks.

Diversification efforts involve longer shipping routes and higher transport costs, but Gulf producers see it as essential.