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India's Tunnel Revolution Post-2014: Transforming Himalayan Infrastructure

UPSC / SSC current affairs note

InfrastructureDefenceGeographyGovernment Policies

Why in news

Since 2014, tunnel construction has become a central pillar of India's transport strategy, especially in the Himalayan region. This marks a significant shift from the UPA era, where tunnel projects were rare and slow. The focus on tunnels enhances connectivity, border infrastructure, and defence preparedness.

Background

Before 2014, India's tunnel construction was limited and often delayed. The UPA government had few major tunnel projects. Post-2014, the government prioritised tunnels for all-weather connectivity in border areas, with projects like Atal Tunnel and Zoji La Tunnel gaining momentum.

Key facts

in5points

  1. Tunnel construction has become a central pillar of India's transport strategy since 2014.

  2. The shift is particularly notable in the Himalayan region, improving connectivity and defence logistics.

  3. Atal Tunnel (Rohtang) is a key example, providing all-weather access to Ladakh.

  4. Zoji La Tunnel is another major project, enhancing connectivity between Srinagar and Leh.

  5. The post-2014 era has seen faster execution and more ambitious tunnel projects compared to the UPA era.

  6. Tunnels reduce travel time and improve safety in mountainous terrain.

  7. The focus on tunnels supports border infrastructure and national security.

  8. Multiple tunnels are under construction across Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

Prelims pointers

  • Atal Tunnel (Rohtang) – world's longest highway tunnel above 10,000 feet.
  • Zoji La Tunnel – strategic tunnel in Ladakh.
  • Border Roads Organisation (BRO) – key agency for tunnel construction.
  • National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation (NHIDCL) – involved in tunnel projects.
  • Char Dham Project – includes tunnel components for all-weather connectivity.
  • Sela Tunnel – in Arunachal Pradesh, part of border infrastructure.
  • Tunnel construction under PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.

Mains angles

  • Discuss the role of tunnel infrastructure in enhancing border security and defence preparedness.
  • Critically examine the impact of improved connectivity on the socio-economic development of Himalayan states.
  • Analyse the challenges in tunnel construction in the Himalayas and how they have been addressed post-2014.
  • Compare the infrastructure development approach of the UPA and NDA governments in border areas.