President Assents Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026; Anti-Conversion Law Awaits Notification
UPSC / SSC current affairs note · Polity
Why in news
President Droupadi Murmu has given assent to the Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026, which aims to curb unlawful religious conversions. The law will come into effect only after the state government issues a notification, and it introduces stringent penalties for conversions done through force, fraud, or allurement.
Background
The Maharashtra legislature passed the Bill during the Budget Session. The Act is part of a series of anti-conversion laws enacted by several Indian states. It seeks to regulate religious conversions and protect individuals from alleged forced conversions.
Key facts
The Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026, has received the assent of President Droupadi Murmu.
The law will come into force only after the Maharashtra government issues a notification specifying the date of enforcement.
The Act criminalizes conversions through force, fraud, coercion, misrepresentation, allurement, or undue influence.
Offering money, gifts, employment, free education, promises of marriage, assurances of a better lifestyle, or claims of divine healing to induce conversion is considered unlawful.
Attempts to portray one religion as superior to another with the intention of influencing conversion are also covered.
Offences under the Act are 'cognizable and non-bailable'.
Conviction for unlawful conversion can lead to imprisonment up to 7 years and a fine up to Rs 1 lakh.
Repeat offenders face up to 10 years in jail and a fine up to Rs 7 lakh.
The Act provides for rehabilitation assistance to victims of unlawful conversion.
Blood relatives of the alleged victim can file an FIR; police can also take suo motu cognisance.
Prelims pointers
- President's assent under Article 111 of the Constitution.
- Cognizable and non-bailable offences.
- Burden of proof on the accused.
- Sessions court trial.
- Role of state government in notifying the Act.
- Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026.
Mains angles
- Discuss the constitutional validity of anti-conversion laws in light of Article 25 (freedom of religion) and Article 21 (right to life).
- Critically examine the provisions of the Maharashtra Freedom of Religion Act, 2026, and its implications for individual rights and social harmony.
- Analyze the role of the President's assent in the legislative process and the significance of state government notification.