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Mission Mausam Implementation: Boosting India's Weather and Climate Capabilities

UPSC / SSC current affairs note · IR

Science and TechnologyDisaster ManagementIRSchemes

Why in news

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched Mission Mausam on 14 January 2025 to make India a 'weather-ready and climate-smart' nation. The PIB release details its implementation, including expansion of radar networks, high-performance computing, and improved forecasting accuracy by 40% over the past decade.

Background

India's weather monitoring and forecasting have been handled by IMD and other MoES institutions. The mission aims to adopt an Earth System Approach, integrating observations, modeling, and early warning systems to enhance disaster preparedness.

Key facts

in5points

  1. Mission Mausam was launched on 14 January 2025 by PM Modi.

  2. Objective: Strengthen Earth system observation components to provide seamless weather and climate services.

  3. Plans to deploy 29 C-band, 45 X-band, and 12 S-band Doppler Weather Radars (total 86 DWRs).

  4. Installation of 19 Wind Profiler Systems, 25 Microwave Radiometers, and 60 new GPS Radiosonde stations.

  5. Global modeling systems: IMD's GFS and NCMRWF's 'Mithun' run at 12 km resolution; 'New Bharat Forecasting System' (BharatFS) at 6 km resolution.

  6. High-performance computing systems 'Arunika' and 'Arka' added to boost computational capacity.

  7. IMD's in-house Decision Support System (DSS) promotes self-reliance under 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'.

  8. Forecast accuracy for severe weather events improved by 40% compared to the previous decade.

  9. Impact-based forecasts and risk-based warnings issued at district level.

Prelims pointers

  • Mission Mausam launched: 14 January 2025
  • Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
  • Key institutions: IMD, NCMRWF, ISRO
  • Radar types: C-band, X-band, S-band DWRs
  • Wind Profiler System (WPS), Microwave Radiometer (MWR), GPS Radiosonde
  • Global models: GFS (IMD), Mithun (NCMRWF)
  • BharatFS: 6 km resolution for block/panchayat level
  • HPC systems: Arunika and Arka
  • DSS: Decision Support System (in-house by IMD)
  • Atmanirbhar Bharat linked to DSS development

Mains angles

  • GS3: Disaster Management – Role of early warning systems in reducing disaster risk.
  • GS3: Science and Technology – Advances in weather modeling, AI/ML, and HPC for societal benefit.
  • GS3: Environment – Climate-smart nation concept and adaptation strategies.
  • GS2: Government Policies – Mission Mausam as a flagship scheme; inter-ministerial coordination.