India's Diabetes Crisis: 77 Million Affected, Over 50% Unaware
UPSC / SSC current affairs note · Economy
Why in news
WHO data reveals India has 77 million adults with type 2 diabetes, and over half are undiagnosed. This silent epidemic increases risks of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness, making it a critical public health concern.
Background
Diabetes is a chronic condition with high blood sugar, causing long-term damage. Type 2 diabetes accounts for >95% of cases and is largely preventable. Global cases quadrupled from 200 million (1990) to 830 million (2022), with fastest rise in low- and middle-income countries.
Key facts
77 million Indian adults (≥18 years) have type 2 diabetes.
25 million are prediabetic.
Over 50% of adults with diabetes are undiagnosed.
Uncontrolled diabetes increases heart attack and stroke risk by 2-3 times.
High glucose caused 11% of global cardiovascular deaths in 2021.
Diabetes is a leading cause of kidney failure, blindness, and amputations.
Type 2 diabetes accounts for >95% of all diabetes cases.
WHO recommends 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week for prevention.
Symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, weight loss, blurred vision.
Prelims pointers
- WHO: World Health Organization
- Type 2 diabetes: >95% of cases, preventable
- Global diabetes cases: 830 million in 2022 (up from 200 million in 1990)
- India: 77 million adults with diabetes, 25 million prediabetic
- Cardiovascular deaths linked to high glucose: 11% globally in 2021
- Recommended exercise: 150 minutes moderate per week
Mains angles
- GS2 Health: Burden of non-communicable diseases in India, role of WHO
- GS3 Economy: Impact of diabetes on productivity and healthcare costs
- GS2 Social Issues: Health awareness and access to diagnosis